Mbappé struck twice to reach 10 World Cup knockout goals, becoming the competition’s all-time leader in elimination-round scoring.
His brace also lifted him onto six goals at the tournament, leaving him tied with Lionel Messi at the top of the Golden Boot race.
Played in sweltering conditions in New Jersey, France controlled proceedings from the outset but had to wait until the closing moments of the first half to break through.
Mbappe had already seen an effort ruled out for offside, struck the post from Jules Kounde’s low delivery, while Michael Olise hit the woodwork with a spectacular scissor kick before Ousmane Dembele fired the rebound wide.
“There’s always room for improvement,” said France coach Didier Deschamps. “Mainly efficiency, especially in the first half. But between the two posts, the two stops of the goalkeeper, we had a bit of a laborious start.
READ: Mohamed Ouahbi Lauds Morocco’s ‘commanding display’in Victory Over Netherlands
“A little on the tip of the toes, even if the field doesn’t help. But that too, we tend to do a little. Afterwards, when it unfolds and there is the concentration of everyone.
“Yes, of course we have quality to create opportunities, score goals. And not to take it, it’s a very good thing too.”
Sweden goalkeeper Jacob Widell Zetterstrom produced a string of excellent saves but was finally beaten when Dembele’s through ball released Mbappe, who skipped past Viktor Gyokeres with a stepover before finishing confidently.
Sweden almost responded immediately after the restart, only for Elliot Stroud to blaze over from 12 yards. France soon doubled their advantage when Bradley Barcola converted Olise’s pass eight minutes into the second half.
Dembele and Olise were both denied by Widell Zetterstrom before Olise created Mbappe’s second in the 74th minute. Gyokeres squandered Sweden’s best late opportunity, with Mike Maignan making the save.
“The better team won, congratulations to France,” said Sweden head coach Graham Potter.
“I thought in terms of the game we had to be perfect and even if we were I’m not sure that would have been enough if I’m brutally honest, because the opponent was of a high level.
“I have no complaints of the players whatsoever. I said to them after the game I don’t think it’s a disgrace to lose to France, they’re a better team and they’ve got some high-level players.”